【学习内容】:

国际音标International Phonetic Alphabet，原义是“国际语音字母”简称IPA，由国际语音协会制定。

英语国际音标表（48个）

一、元音（20个）：发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍

  单元音12个  /ɪ /   /ɔ /  /ʊ/   /ə/  / ʌ/   /e/  /i:/   /ɔ:/  /U:/  / ɜ:/  /ɑ:/  /æ/

  双元音8个  /aɪ/    /eɪ/   /ɔɪ/   /ɪə/   /eə/    /ʊə/  /əʊ/  /aʊ/  

二、辅音（26个）发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍

轻辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ 

浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/  /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ 

鼻音   /m/   /n/   /ŋ/   

边音  / h/  /r/ （ / j/  / w/）

舌侧音   / ǀ/

三、半元音（2个）既有元音的特点又有辅音的特点，发音时气流受到发音器官的阻碍没有辅音大

半元音   /j/  /w/

跟读：

1、前元音 4个  /i:/  /ɪ/  /e/  /æ/

2、爆破辅音6个  /p/  /b/  /t/  /d/  / k/  /g/

3、中元音3个  / ɜ:/  /ə/  / ʌ/

4、摩擦辅音4个  /f/    /v/    /s/    /z/ 

5、后元音5个  /ɑ:/   /ɒ/   /ɔ:/   /ʊ/   /ʊ：/

6、摩擦辅音4个  /θ/   /ð/    /ʃ/   /ʒ/

7、合口双元音5个  /aɪ/   /ɔɪ/   /eɪ/   /aʊ/   /əʊ/

8、鼻辅音3个   /m/   /n/   /ŋ/

9、破擦音6个  /tʃ/  /tr/  /ts/  /dʒ/  /dr/  /dz/ 

10、集中双元音3个  /ɪə/  /eə/  /ʊə/

11、舌侧音1个   / ǀ/

12、摩擦音2个   / r/  / h/

13、半元音2个   /w/  /j/

单元音：

　　[i:]:⑴e:he ⑵ea:tea ⑶ee:see ⑷ei:receive ⑸ey:key ⑹i:police ⑺eo:people ⑻ie:piece[i]:⑴a:orange ⑵ay:Sunday ⑶e:begin ⑷ey:monkey ⑸i:it ⑹y:very ⑺u:busy ⑻ui:build ⑼ai:captain[e]:⑴a:any ⑵ai:said ⑶ay:says ⑷e:bed ⑸ea:bread ⑹u:bury[æ]:a:sad[ɑ:]:⑴a:class ⑵al:half ⑶ar:car ⑷au:aunt[۸]:⑴o:love ⑵oo:blood ⑶ou:young ⑷u:bus[ə:]:⑴ear:learn ⑵er:her ⑶ir:girl ⑷or:work ⑸ur:nurse ⑹yr:myrtle ⑺our:journalist[ə]:⑴a:along ⑵e:open ⑶i:holiday ⑷o:today ⑸u:minus ⑹er:father ⑺or:doctor ⑻ar:sugar ⑼re:metre ⑽ou:delicious ⑾ur:surprise ⑿our:colour ⒀ure:picture ⒁oar:cupboard ⒂yr:martyr[u:]:⑴ew:flew ⑵o:do ⑶oo:too ⑷ou:soup ⑸u:blue ⑹ui:fruit ⑺oe:shoe ⑻wo:two[u]:⑴o:woman ⑵oo:book ⑶oul:could ⑷u:put[כ]:⑴(w)a:want ⑵o:hot ⑶ou:cough ⑷au:Australia[כ:]:⑴(w)a:water ⑵al:all ⑶ar:warm ⑷au:August ⑸aw:draw ⑹oor:door ⑺ore:more ⑻or:or ⑼ou:bought ⑽our:four ⑾awe:awe ⑿oar:board ⒀o:story

双元音：

　　[ai]:⑴i:five ⑵y:my ⑶i(g):sign ⑷i(gh):right ⑸ie:die ⑹eye:eye ⑺uy:buy ⑻ye:bye[ei]:⑴a:name ⑵ai:rain ⑶ay:day ⑷ei:veil ⑸ei(gh):eight ⑹ey:they ⑺ea:great[iə]:⑴e:zero ⑵ea:real ⑶ere:here ⑷ear:ear ⑸eer:beer[əu]:⑴o:go ⑵ow:yellow ⑶oa:goat ⑷ou:shoulder ⑸oe:woe[uə]:⑴ure:sure ⑵oor:poor ⑶our:tour[au]:⑴ou:out ⑵ow:how[eə]:⑴air:air ⑵are:care ⑶ear:pear ⑷ere:there ⑸eir:their ⑹a:Mary[כi]:⑴oi:oil ⑵oy:boy

辅音：

　　清辅成对辅音：[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[δ] [∫]-[з] [ts]-[dz] [t∫]-[dз] [tr]-[dr]

　　清音浊化：请辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其相对的浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr]，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sport[spכ:t]，student[‘stju:dənt]，sky[skai]，street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostess[‘həustis]。[p]:⑴p:pen ⑵pp:apple[b]:⑴b:by ⑵bb:rabbit[t]:⑴t:ten ⑵tt:little ⑶ed:watched[d]:⑴d:dog ⑵dd:add ⑶ed:played[k]:⑴c:cat ⑵cc:according ⑶ch:school ⑷k:book ⑸ck:black ⑹q:Iraq ⑺que:unique[g]:⑴g:go ⑵gg:egg ⑶gu:guess ⑷gue:dialogue ⑸gh:ghyll[f]:⑴f:fish ⑵ph:photo ⑶gh:laugh ⑷ff:off[v]:⑴v:very ⑵f:of[s]:⑴c:city ⑵s:sit ⑶ss:class ⑷sc:science ⑸ps:psalm[z]:⑴s:is ⑵es:leaves ⑶z:zoo ⑷zz:buzz[θ]:th:three[δ]:⑴th:the ⑵the:breathe[∫]:⑴sh:she ⑵s:sure ⑶c:special ⑷t:station ⑸ss:Russia ⑹ch:machine ⑺sch:schott[з]:⑴s:usually ⑵z:seizure ⑶ge:garage[ts]:⑴ts:shirts ⑵t’s:Let’s ⑶tes:kites ⑷zz:pizza[dz]:⑴ds:beds ⑵des:decides[t∫]:⑴ch:chair ⑵tch:watch ⑶t:question[dз]:⑴g(e):age ⑵g:gentleman ⑶dg(e):bridge ⑷j:jump ⑸ch:sandwich[tr]:tr:tree[dr]:dr:dress 

　　单个辅音：[h]:⑴h:he ⑵(w)h:who[l]:⑴l:let ⑵ll:tell ⑶(t)l(e):whistle[r]:⑴r:red ⑵rr:sorry ⑶(w)r:write[m]:⑴m:man ⑵mm:common ⑶m(b):climb ⑷m(n):autumn [n]:⑴n:name ⑵(k)n:know ⑶nn:Ann ⑷(m)n:mnemonics[ŋ]:⑴ng:sing ⑵n(k):thank ⑶n(g):English[w]:⑴w:we ⑵w(h):what